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Schedule of Values for Pitt County
Ensuring Fairness in Property Taxes Through Accurate Assessment
The primary purpose of real property assessment is to arrive at a fair and just valuation (market value) of all real property for use in deriving property taxes that will be as equitable as is feasible given the time, staff and money available to the assessor.
The Schedule of Values, which by law must be approved by the Board of Commissioners, is a manual providing rates, value ranges, and guidelines for appraising property at market value in Pitt County. It includes adjustments that may be used for various types of construction, adjustment for market conditions, and valuation schedules for land.
Market value as defined by the Machinery Act of North Carolina under G.S. 105.283, Uniform Appraisal Standards, is "the price estimated in terms of money at which the property would change hands between a willing and financially able buyer and a willing seller, neither being under any compulsion to buy or to sell and both having reasonable knowledge of all the uses to which the property is adapted and for which it is capable of being used".
To accomplish the goals of determining just and equitable values, the assessor must turn to mass appraisal methods and techniques based on solid appraisal principles. In mass appraising, as in any kind of appraising, the realities of the local market along with state and local laws must be considered. Also, fundamental to any mass appraisal system are knowledge, judgement and the ability to adapt a standardized system to the local market. A standardized system and method of handling both data and the application of the three basic approaches to value is necessary to achieve equalization and uniformity in the valuation process.
The Schedule of Values provides summaries and broad ranges of the parameters in the County’s Computer-Assisted Mass Appraisal System (CAMA). The rates and ranges in the Schedule of Values are effective January 1, 2024, and will stay in effect until the next revaluation(2028). Any changes or improvements made to properties in between this time frame will be appraised in accordance with the standards found in the below statutes.
Three Basic Approaches
which may be used to arrive at a fair market value are summarized as follows:
Cost Approach
This approach consists of estimating the land value and the depreciated cost of the improvements to arrive at a value. Theoretically, the substitution principle is the basis for determining the maximum value of the property by this approach. The substitution principle assumes the value is equal to the cost of acquiring a substitution of equal utility assuming no cost delay is encountered.
Market Approach
This approach utilizes the application of prior sales data from the market and is also referred to as the sales or comparison approach. Use of this approach requires that the sales used should be analyzed to determine that the conditions of fair market value have been satisfied.
Income Approach
The two most common applications of this approach in mass appraising are the capitalized net income and the gross rent multiplier.
The use of any of the three approaches requires careful consideration to be given to:
- The relevancy of the approach applied to the property under consideration.
- The inherent strengths and weaknesses of the approach used.
- The amount and reliability of the data collected.
- The effect of the local market on the data collected.
Finally, it must be remembered, the true test of a mass appraisal system rests upon its acceptance by the assessor, the taxpayers and administrative review bodies such as the Department of Revenue and the courts.
The material contained in the manual is provided to enable the user to apply standard procedures to the mass appraisal of property. In certain cases, the procedures are manually implemented and controlled; in others, the highly sophisticated data processing and appraisal systems are available to assure standard methods are employed. The principle to be recognized is that of standardization of data and operations as a vehicle to achieving the goals of the appraisal system.
(NCGS Chapter 105)
In North Carolina, the Machinery Act sets the standards for how property is appraised and assessed for tax purposes.
This law outlines the requirements for determining the true value of both real and personal property. It forms the foundation for property taxation across the state by ensuring all property is valued fairly and consistently—no matter the type or location.
The Machinery Act, along with related regulations, provides clear guidance for appraisers and assessment officials. Its goal is to support a fair, transparent, and uniform process for determining property taxes.
True Value in Money
All property—real and personal—should be appraised at its true value in money whenever possible. This means using the fair market value that reflects what the property would sell for in an open and competitive market.
Appraisal Methods
Appraisers may use different methods based on the type of property. These may include market data analysis, income capitalization, or replacement cost analysis to determine fair value.
Uniform Appraisal Standards
The Machinery Act includes rules for uniform appraisal standards to help ensure fair and consistent valuations across all counties. Specific appraisal procedures may be detailed in other regulations.
Appraiser Qualifications
The Act outlines the required qualifications and certifications for appraisers to make sure assessments are done by trained and credible professionals.
County Responsibilities
Counties are responsible for appraising and assessing all property within their boundaries. These duties must follow the rules in the Machinery Act and any related regulations.
Appeals and Review
If a property owner disagrees with an assessment, the Act provides a way to appeal and request a review of the property’s value. This helps ensure fairness and transparency.
Key Sections of the Machinery Act
§ 105-283. Uniform Appraisal Standards
§ 105-284. Uniform Assessment Standard
§ 105-286. Time for General Reappraisal of Real Property
§ 105-317. Appraisal of Real Property; Adoption of Schedules, Standards, and Rules
§ 105-283. Uniform Appraisal Standards.
All property, real and personal, shall as far as practicable be appraised or valued at its true value in money. When used in this Subchapter, the words "true value" shall be interpreted as meaning market value, that is, the price estimated in terms of money at which the property would change hands between a willing and financially able buyer and a willing seller, neither being under any compulsion to buy or to sell and both having reasonable knowledge of all the uses to which the property is adapted and for which it is capable of being used. For the purposes of this section, the acquisition of an interest in land by an entity having the power of eminent domain with respect to the interest acquired shall not be considered competent evidence of the true value in money of comparable land. (1939, c. 310, s. 500; 1953, c. 970, s. 5; 1955, c. 1100, s. 2; 1959, c. 682; 1967, c. 892, s. 7; 1969, c. 945, s. 1; 1971, c. 806, s. 1; 1973, c. 695, s. 11; 1977, 2nd Sess., c. 1297.)
§ 105-284. Uniform Assessment Standard.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, all property, real and personal, shall be assessed for taxation at its true value or use value as determined under G.S. 105-283 or G.S. 105-277.6, and taxes levied by all counties and municipalities shall be levied uniformly on assessments determined in accordance with this section.
(b) The assessed value of public service company system property subject to appraisal by the Department of Revenue under G.S. 105-335(b)(1) shall be determined by applying to the allocation of such value to each county a percentage to be established by the Department of Revenue. The percentage to be applied shall be either:
- (1) The median ratio established in sales assessment ratio studies of real property conducted by the Department of Revenue in the county in the year the county conducts a reappraisal of real property and in the fourth and seventh years thereafter; or
- (2) A weighted average percentage based on the median ratio for real property established by the Department of Revenue as provided in subdivision (1) and a one hundred percent (100%) ratio for personal property. No percentage shall be applied in a year in which the median ratio for real property is ninety percent (90%) or greater.
If the median ratio for real property in any county is below ninety percent (90%) and if the county assessor has provided information satisfactory to the Department of Revenue that the county follows accepted guidelines and practices in the assessment of business personal property, the weighted average percentage shall be applied to public service company property. In calculating the weighted average percentage, the Department shall use the assessed value figures for real and personal property reported by the county to the Local Government Commission for the preceding year. In any county which fails to demonstrate that it follows accepted guidelines and practices, the percentage to be applied shall be the median ratio for real property. The percentage established in a year in which a sales assessment ratio study is conducted shall continue to be applied until another study is conducted by the Department of Revenue.
(c) Notice of the median ratio and the percentage to be applied for each county shall be given by the Department of Revenue to the chairman of the board of commissioners not later than April 15 of the year for which it is to be effective. Notice shall also be given at the same time to the public service companies whose property values are subject to adjustment under this section. Either the county or an affected public service company may challenge the real property ratio or the percentage established by the Department of Revenue by giving notice of exception within 30 days after the mailing of the Department's notice. Upon receipt of such notice of exception, the Department shall arrange a conference with the challenging party or parties to review the matter. Following the conference, the Department shall notify the challenging party or parties of its final determination in the matter. Either party may appeal the Department's determination to the Property Tax Commission by giving notice of appeal within 30 days after the mailing of the Department's decision. (1939, c. 310, s. 500; 1953, c. 970, s. 5; 1955, c. 1100, s. 2; 1959, c. 682; 1967, c. 892, s. 7; 1969, c. 945, s. 1; 1971, c. 806, s. 1; 1973, c. 695, s. 12; 1985, c. 601, s. 1; 1987 (Reg. Sess., 1988), c. 1052, s. 1.)
§ 105-286. Time for General Reappraisal of Real Property.
(a) Octennial Plan.
Unless the date shall be advanced as provided in subdivision (a)(2), below, each county of the State, as of January 1 of the year prescribed in the schedule set out in subdivision (a)(1), below, and every eighth year thereafter, shall reappraise all real property in accordance with the provisions of G.S. 105-283 and 105-317.M
(1) Schedule of Initial Reappraisals.
- Division One--1972: Avery, Camden, Cherokee, Cleveland, Cumberland, Guilford, Harnett, Haywood, Lee, Montgomery, Northampton, and Robeson.
- Division Two--1973: Caldwell, Carteret, Columbus, Currituck, Davidson, Gaston, Greene, Hyde, Lenoir, Madison, Orange, Pamlico, Pitt, Richmond, Swain, Transylvania, and Washington.
- Division Three--1974: Ashe, Buncombe, Chowan, Franklin, Henderson, Hoke, Jones, Pasquotank, Rowan, and Stokes.
- Division Four--1975: Alleghany, Bladen, Brunswick, Cabarrus, Catawba, Dare, Halifax, Macon, New Hanover, Surry, Tyrrell, and Yadkin.
- Division Five--1976: Bertie, Caswell, Forsyth, Iredell, Jackson, Lincoln, Onslow, Person, Perquimans, Rutherford, Union, Vance, Wake, Wilson, and Yancey.
- Division Six--1977: Alamance, Durham, Edgecombe, Gates, Martin, Mitchell, Nash, Polk, Randolph, Stanly, Warren, and Wilkes.
- Division Seven--1978: Alexander, Anson, Beaufort, Clay, Craven, Davie, Duplin, and Granville.
- Division Eight--1979: Burke, Chatham, Graham, Hertford, Johnston, McDowell, Mecklenburg, Moore, Pender, Rockingham, Sampson, Scotland, Watauga, and Wayne.
(2) Advancing Scheduled Octennial Reappraisal.
Any county desiring to conduct a reappraisal of real property earlier than required by this subsection (a) may do so upon adoption by the board of county commissioners of a resolution so providing. A copy of any such resolution shall be forwarded promptly to the Department of Revenue. If the scheduled date for reappraisal for any county is advanced as provided herein, real property in that county shall thereafter be reappraised every eighth year following the advanced date unless, in accordance with the provisions of this subdivision (a)(2), an earlier date shall be adopted by resolution of the board of county commissioners, in which event a new schedule of octennial reappraisals shall thereby be established for that county.
(b) Fourth-Year Horizontal Adjustments.
As of January 1 of the fourth year following a reappraisal of real property conducted under the provisions of subsection (a), above, each county shall review the appraised values of all real property and determine whether changes should be made to bring those values into line with then current true value. If it is determined that the appraised value of all real property or of defined types or categories of real property require such adjustment, the assessor shall revise the values accordingly by horizontal adjustments rather than by actual appraisal of individual properties: That is, by uniform application of percentages of increase or reduction to the appraised values of properties within defined types or categories or within defined geographic areas of the county.
(c) Value to Be Assigned Real Property When Not Subject to Appraisal.
In years in which real property within a county is not subject to appraisal or reappraisal under subsections (a) or (b), above, or under G.S. 105-287, it shall be listed at the value assigned when last appraised under this section or under G.S. 105-287. (1939, c. 310, s. 300; 1941, c. 282, ss. 1, 11/2; 1943, c. 634, s. 1; 1945, c. 5; 1947, c. 50; 1949, c. 109; 1951, c. 847; 1953, c. 395; 1955, c. 1273; 1957, c. 1453, s. 1; 1959, c. 704, s. 1; 1971, c. 806, s. 1; 1973, c. 476, s. 193; 1987, c. 45, s. 1.)
§ 105-317. Appraisal of Real Property; Adoption of Schedules, Standards, and Rules.
(a) Whenever any real property is appraised it shall be the duty of the persons making appraisals:
- (1) In determining the true value of land, to consider as to each tract, parcel, or lot separately listed at least its advantages and disadvantages as to location; zoning; quality of soil; waterpower; water privileges; dedication as a nature preserve; mineral, quarry, or other valuable deposits; fertility; adaptability for agricultural, timber-producing, commercial, industrial, or other uses; past income; probable future income; and any other factors that may affect its value except growing crops of a seasonal or annual nature.
- (2) In determining the true value of a building or other improvement, to consider at least its location; type of construction; age; replacement cost; cost; adaptability for residence, commercial, industrial, or other uses; past income; probable future income; and any other factors that may affect its value.
- (3) To appraise partially completed buildings in accordance with the degree of completion on January 1.
(b) In preparation for each revaluation of real property required by G.S. 105-286, it shall be the duty of the assessor to see that:
- (1) Uniform schedules of values, standards, and rules to be used in appraising real property at its true value and at its present-use value are prepared and are sufficiently detailed to enable those making appraisals to adhere to them in appraising real property.
- (2) Repealed by Session Laws 1981, c. 678, s. 1.
- (3) A separate property record be prepared for each tract, parcel, lot, or group of contiguous lots, which record shall show the information required for compliance with the provisions of G.S. 105-309 insofar as they deal with real property, as well as that required by this section. (The purpose of this subdivision is to require that individual property records be maintained in sufficient detail to enable property owners to ascertain the method, rules, and standards of value by which property is appraised.)
- (4) The property characteristics considered in appraising each lot, parcel, tract, building, structure and improvement, in accordance with the schedules of values, standards, and rules, be accurately recorded on the appropriate property record.
- (5) Upon the request of the owner, the board of equalization and review, or the board of county commissioners, any particular lot, parcel, tract, building, structure or improvement be actually visited and observed to verify the accuracy of property characteristics on record for that property.
- (6) Each lot, parcel, tract, building, structure and improvement be separately appraised by a competent appraiser, either one appointed under the provisions of G.S. 105-296 or one employed under the provisions of G.S. 105-299.
- (7) Notice is given in writing to the owner that he is entitled to have an actual visitation and observation of his property to verify the accuracy of property characteristics on record for that property.
(c) The values, standards, and rules required by subdivision (b)(1) shall be reviewed and approved by the board of county commissioners before January 1 of the year they are applied. The board of county commissioners may approve the schedules of values, standards, and rules to be used in appraising real property at its true value and at its present-use value either separately or simultaneously. Notice of the receipt and adoption by the board of county commissioners of either or both the true value and present-use value schedules, standards, and rules, and notice of a property owner's right to comment on and contest the schedules, standards, and rules shall be given as follows:
- (1) The assessor shall submit the proposed schedules, standards, and rules to the board of county commissioners not less than 21 days before the meeting at which they will be considered by the board. On the same day that they are submitted to the board for its consideration, the assessor shall file a copy of the proposed schedules, standards, and rules in his office where they shall remain available for public inspection.
- (2) Upon receipt of the proposed schedules, standards, and rules, the board of commissioners shall publish a statement in a newspaper having general circulation in the county stating:
- a. That the proposed schedules, standards, and rules to be used in appraising real property in the county have been submitted to the board of county commissioners and are available for public inspection in the assessor's office; and
- b. The time and place of a public hearing on the proposed schedules, standards, and rules that shall be held by the board of county commissioners at least seven days before adopting the final schedules, standards, and rules.
- (3) When the board of county commissioners approves the final schedules, standards, and rules, it shall issue an order adopting them. Notice of this order shall be published once a week for four successive weeks in a newspaper having general circulation in the county, with the last publication being not less than seven days before the last day for challenging the validity of the schedules, standards, and rules by appeal to the Property Tax Commission. The notice shall state:
- a. That the schedules, standards, and rules to be used in the next scheduled reappraisal of real property in the county have been adopted and are open to examination in the office of the assessor; and
- b. That a property owner who asserts that the schedules, standards, and rules are invalid may except to the order and appeal therefrom to the Property Tax Commission within 30 days of the date when the notice of the order adopting the schedules, standards, and rules was first published.
(d) Before the board of county commissioners adopts the schedules of values, standards, and rules, the assessor may collect data needed to apply the schedules, standards, and rules to each parcel in the county. (1939, c. 310, s. 501; 1959, c. 704, s. 4; 1967, c. 944; 1971, c. 806, s. 1; 1973, c. 476, s. 193; c. 695, s. 5; 1981, c. 224; c. 678, s. 1; 1985