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Youth Workers Permits & Rules
Youth Employment Rules and Required Documentation
Youth employment rules under the Wage and Hour Act help protect minors by limiting the types of jobs they may perform and the hours they can work. North Carolina follows federal standards for youths ages 14 through 17 in non-farm jobs and adds a few stricter requirements that all non-farm employers must follow. Farm work is exempt from these rules. No youth under 18 may work in hazardous or detrimental occupations.
To apply for a Youth Employment Certificate, youths must provide acceptable proof of age. This may include a birth certificate, driver’s license or learner’s permit, school or insurance records, or other documents approved by Social Services or the N.C. Department of Labor (NCDOL).
- Review the Complete Youth Employment & Wage Rules at NCDOL Now
- Apply for a Youth Employment Certificate Now
Youth employment complaints may be made anonymously. To file a complaint, call 1-800-NCLABOR (1-800-625-2267).
Limits for Working Youths
These limits help protect the youth's well-being and ensure work does not interfere with school.
Youths Under 14 Years Old
Youths under age 14 are not permitted to work except when employed by a parent, delivering newspapers, or participating in approved modeling, acting, or similar productions.
14- and 15-Year-Old Youths
Youths ages 14 and 15 may work in retail, food service, service stations, and office settings. They may not work in manufacturing or mining, on construction sites, with power-driven machinery such as lawn mowers, in hazardous sites or detrimental occupations.
Businesses with ABC permits for on-premises alcohol consumption is restricted. Youths under 16 cannot work in any job at these establishments unless they are the child of the sole owner.
Work is limited to:
- No more than 3 hours per day when school is in session and no more than 8 hours per day when school is not in session.
- No more than 18 hours per week during a school week or more than 40 hours per week during non-school weeks.
- Only outside of school hours.
- A required 30-minute break after 5 consecutive hours of work.
16- and 17-Year-Old Youths
- During the school year, youths in grade 12 or lower cannot work between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m. before a school day.
- This restriction does not apply if the employer has written permission from both the youth’s parent or guardian and the school principal or their designee.
- The rule does not apply to youths who have left traditional school and are enrolled in a GED program, community college, or technical program.
- Youths ages 16 and 17 may work at businesses with ABC permits but may not prepare, serve, dispense, or sell alcoholic beverages.
Restricted and Hazardous Occupations for Youth Workers
State and federal rules prohibit employing youths under 18 in certain dangerous jobs. Contact the NC Department of Labor (NCDOL) for details.
* Some exceptions apply for 16 and 17 year old apprentices or student learners.
These include work involving:
- Radioactive materials
- Logging and sawmilling
- Explosive manufacturing or storage
- Brick and tile manufacturing
- Mining
- Motor-vehicle driving and outside helper duties (limited exemptions apply)
- Power-driven bakery machines
- Power-driven hoisting equipment
- Wrecking, demolition, or ship breaking
- Quartz, silicon dioxide, or asbestos in powdered form *
- Benzol or similar compounds that can penetrate the skin *
- Lead or lead compounds *
- Excavation work *
- Unsterilized hides or animal or human hair *
- Power-driven saws and shears *
- Power-driven metal forming or punching machinery *
- Power-driven paper product machines *
- Power-driven woodworking machines *
- Roofing operations *
- Slaughtering, meat processing, or rendering *
- Spray painting *
- Welding *