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Private Water Wells
Protecting the Quality of Private Drinking Water Supplies
Private wells supply drinking water for many homes and businesses that are not connected to a public water system. To reduce risks to public health and protect groundwater, wells in Pitt County are regulated through a required permitting and inspection process.
Permits are required before installing any private drinking water well. Local well rules adopted on October 12, 2011 expanded this requirement to include irrigation wells. Permits are also required to repair, replace, or abandon an existing well. These steps help ensure wells are properly located, constructed, and maintained to meet state standards and protect long-term water quality in Pitt County.
For More Information or Questions,
Please contact Environmental Health
Call 252-902-3200
Email: pitt.envhealth@pittcountync.gov
Permits and Inspections for Private Wells
Permitting and oversight help reduce the risk of bacteria, chemicals, and other contaminants entering drinking water supplies. These steps also help prevent cross-contamination with nearby septic systems, surface water, or other environmental hazards. Together, state and local standards support reliable drinking water for residents who rely on private wells in Pitt County.
Permitting Process
- Submit an application for the construction, repair, or abandonment of a private well.
- Environmental Health staff conduct a site visit to evaluate the property or existing well, including location, soil conditions, and distance from potential contamination sources.
- An authorization is issued outlining site-specific requirements that must be followed during construction, repair, or abandonment.
- Environmental Health staff inspect the well during installation and inspect the well head once work is complete. Inspections are also required for well repairs or abandonments.
- For new or replacement drinking water wells, staff collect a water sample and submit it to the State Public Health Laboratory for analysis.
Apply for Permits Through the Online Permitting Portal
In addition to testing new wells, Environmental Health staff may collect water samples from existing drinking water wells that meet state construction standards when testing is requested or required.
Common Private Well Concerns or Problems
If you have a privately owned well, you are responsible for making sure your tap water is safe to drink. Private wells can provide reliable drinking water when they are properly located, constructed, and maintained. However, certain issues can affect water quality over time. These problems may not always be visible, but they can increase risks to health or damage well equipment if not addressed.
Common concerns include bacteria, naturally occurring minerals, chemicals, or contaminants entering the well from nearby sources. Problems may result from poor well construction, aging equipment, flooding, nearby septic systems, surface runoff, or changes in the surrounding environment. In some cases, changes in taste, odor, color, or water pressure may signal an issue, while other concerns can only be identified through testing.
Regular testing, proper well maintenance, and following permitting and construction standards help reduce these risks. Environmental Health programs provide guidance on testing, interpretation of results, and recommended next steps when concerns are identified. Early attention to potential issues can help protect drinking water quality and support long-term use of private wells in Pitt County.
Tools To Help Understand Private Well Water Quality
The Be Well Informed online tool gives residents who use private wells an easy way to better understand their water quality. This free, educational resource explains well water test results and what they may mean for everyday use.
Users can enter results from a recent well water laboratory test to receive clear, plain-language feedback. The tool also provides general information about possible health concerns and suggests next steps based on the results entered. It can be helpful when reviewing new or existing well water test results and is designed to support informed decisions. This tool does not replace guidance from county staff. For questions about testing, interpreting results, or next steps, contact Environmental Health.
Open the Be Well Informed Well Water Tool Now
How To Use the Tool
- Select North Carolina from the state drop-down menu.
- Enter results from your recent well water lab test. Make sure the measurement units match those shown on the entry page.
- Leave any chemicals blank if they did not appear on your test results.
- If a result shows a “less than” value (for example, <0.005) or says “No Detection,” enter 0.
- Select Submit to view your results.
- Review results online or save them as a PDF.